Propel Journal of Academic Research
type: channel
description: Propel Journal of Academic Research (PJAR) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary journal with a key objective to provide the academic community a medium for presenting original high-quality research or extended version of previously published research related to the widespread aspects and disciplines of humanities and social science such as anthropology, communication studies, criminology, cultural studies, economics, education, ethics, geography, history, information science, international relations, law, linguistics, library science, media studies, philosophy, political science, psychology, sociology and social welfare, linguistics, literature, performing arts etc. PJAR publishes innovative empirical and conceptual articles which advance human knowledge mainly in the field of humanities and social sciences.
publisher: Propel Management Advisory Services Pakistan
language: en
publication name: Propel Journal of Academic Research
issn: 2790-3001
items: Elevating customer support experience in Telecom: Improve the customer support experience in telecom through AI driven chatbots, virtual assistants and augmented reality (AR)
items: Artificial Intelligence in Business Intelligence: Empowering Data-Driven Decision-Making with Predictive Analytics and Intelligent Automation.
items: Sustainable IT and Green Computing: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Eco Friendly Innovations and Energy Efficient Technology Solutions
items: Reimagining Customer Engagement: The Integration of Artificial Intelligence With Augmented Reality (AR) And Virtual Reality (VR) To Deliver Immersive And Personalized Experiences
items: AI-Driven Content Systems: Innovation and Early Adoption
items: AI Powered Digital Transformation in Healthcare: Revolutionizing Patient Care through Intelligent and Adaptive Information Systems
items: Harnessing AI Driven Predictive Maintenance: Transforming Manufacturing Efficiency and Reducing Downtime through Advanced Data Analytics
items: Role of Curriculum and Training in Reducing Operational Skill Gap in Logistics Industry of Pakistan
items: Bridging Traditional and Digital: Evolving Architectural Pedagogy in the Modern Era
items: Inclusive Education: Examining the Role of Vocational Institutions in Supporting Trans and Gender-Diverse Communities in Pakistan
items: Cross-Cultural Insights into Mindfulness, Empathy, and Academic Burnout
items: Assessing the Relationship Between Employees’ Personal Qualities and Organizational Disputes
items: Unveiling the Dynamics of Remote Learning Addressing Effectiveness, Challenges, and Value
items: Examining Parental Involvement in Elementary Education: Disparities, Dynamics, and Implications
items: Exploring The Facets of Conflicts in Organizations: A Qualitative Case Study on Educational Institution
items: Exploring the Impact of Leader's Motivating Language on Job Outcomes: A Case Study of a Private School in the Southern Region of Pakistan
items: Significance of Statement of Accused in Criminal Trials
items: The impact of Sales Tax on the National Economy of Pakistan
items: Unveiling the Deficiencies of Pakistan's Criminal Justice System and Their Far-Reaching Impact on Society
items: The Role of Higher Education Faculty in Cultivating Entrepreneurial Intention among Female Sudents
items: The Effects of Online Pharmacy on Consumer Behaviour
items: Appearance Anxiety, Health-Related Quality of Life and Coping Strategies among Burn Patients in Pakistan
items: Interrogating Hegemonic Masculinity: Analyzing Dadu's Role as a Victim in Tariq Rahman's Moustache
items: How Online Food Delivery Influences Human Behaviour? – A Phenomenological Account of Urban Consumers
items: A Comparative Study of Hedges Used by Male and Female Native English Writers: A Corpus-based Analysis
items: Impact of Reward System on Students’ Motivation and Academic Performance: A Study of Secondary Schools
items: Analysis of Imran Khan’s Tweets About Palestine and Kashmir Issues Through Natural Language Processing Technique
items: Assessing the Impact of Workplace Incivility on Occupational Health of Nurses. A Demographic Analysis of Nurses of Punjab Based Hospital
items: Futuristic Agenda towards Leadership and Expatriation Research: A Systematic Literature Review
items: Assessment of Institutional Constraints on Parliamentary Sovereignty in Pakistan

Elevating customer support experience in Telecom: Improve the customer support experience in telecom through AI driven chatbots, virtual assistants and augmented reality (AR)
type: item
description: In the fast-paced telecom world, customer support is paramount for customer satisfaction and loyalty. Support methods that have been used traditionally fall short at high volumes and long wait times, as well as inconsistent service quality. This paper describes how AI powered chatbots, virtual assistants and augmented reality (AR) are set to disrupt customer support in telecom. AI and ML powered chatbots and virtual assistants can provide instant, 24/7 support that efficiently answers common queries, troubleshoots technical problems, and guides users through setting up services. Through connected devices, augmented reality (AR) provides interactive, real-time visual assistance, improving the support experience and allowing customers to troubleshoot technical problems more effectively. Thus, by incorporating such emerging technologies, telecom organizations can reduce operational costs, increase the first call resolution rates and throughput, and improve an overall positive customer experience. Adopting AI and AR in customer support will facilitate service delivery and provide a more personalized and engaging customer experience, leading to long term business growth for the telecom sector.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Telecom
  topic: keywords
subject: AI driven chatbots
  topic: keywords
subject: augmented reality (AR)
  topic: keywords
creator: Praveen Hegde
creator: Robin Joseph Varughese
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 193
ending page: 211
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i2.108

Artificial Intelligence in Business Intelligence: Empowering Data-Driven Decision-Making with Predictive Analytics and Intelligent Automation.
type: item
description: As one of the most disruptive forces in BI, AI is rapidly transforming how organizations use data and drive insights for decision points. For instance, companies can use AI technologies like predictive analytics and intelligent automation to get relevant insights, improve decision-making, and improve operations. Predictive analytics use machine learning in analyzing data when the points of trends are sought and identifying future growth and opportunities for businesses to meet and overcome challenges and seize market opportunities. Using intelligent automation, a company can monitor for trends in processes that they can optimize, automate tedious BI tasks to free up time for business-critical analysis, and improve BI workflows to enhance accuracy. This paper describes the integration of AI and BI [14, 15], highlighting the leading applications, benefits and challenges. It also covers real-life case studies illustrating how enterprises used AI-driven BI solutions to promote an enterprise-wide culture of data-driven decision-making, increase agility and foster innovation across industries. These findings are a reminder that AI can give companies the internet of intelligent tools that can be a source of strategic value and a competitive distinction in today's fast-evolving market.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: S M Tamim Hossain Rimon
creator: Shuchona Malek Orthi
creator: MD Tanvir Rahman Tarafder
creator: Md Mostafijur Rahman
creator: Omar Faruq
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 174
ending page: 192

Sustainable IT and Green Computing: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Eco Friendly Innovations and Energy Efficient Technology Solutions
type: item
description: Sustainable IT and Green Computing combine to forge a catalyst for sustainable innovations and cuttingedge tech solutions that will lead to a climatefriendly future. With environmental issues becoming increasingly critical worldwide, utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a key approach to optimize energy usage, minimize carbon emissions and encourage sustainable practices across sectors. The impact of AI on promoting sustainability through intelligent resource management, predictive analytics, and automation is the focus of this paper. Critical applications include improving data centre operations, enabling smart energy grids, and facilitating circular economy initiatives through AIbased waste management and management and recycling systems. Integrating AI with sustainable IT practices helps organizations achieve environmental objectives, cost efficiencies, and operational resilience. This review highlights novel frameworks, emerging trends, and practical insights for leveraging AI as a catalyst for ecofriendly and energy efficient technology implementation approaches, stressing the importance of cons terve to transform into a more sustainable and green future.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable IT
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficient Technology Solutions
  topic: keywords
creator: Nisher Ahmed
creator: Niropam Das
creator: Partha Chakraborty
creator: Md Mostafizur Rahman
creator: Md Mostafijur Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 154
ending page: 173
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i2.106

Reimagining Customer Engagement: The Integration of Artificial Intelligence With Augmented Reality (AR) And Virtual Reality (VR) To Deliver Immersive And Personalized Experiences
type: item
description: In this context, the merging of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) is transforming the way customers interact with brands, enabling them to offer immersive, interactive, and hyper personalized experiences. This convergence combines the data driven insights and automation capabilities of AI with the immersive Potential of AR/VR to furnish realistic, multisensory virtual environments. In AR/VRbased applications, various AI tools analyze a customer's previous behaviours, anticipated preferences, etc., to create personalized experiences that keep users emotionally connected to a brand. These transformative applications include virtual showrooms, AI driven product customization, and interactive marketing campaigns that empower businesses to deliver solutions that align with rising consumer demands. This paper investigates the approaches, advantages, and obstacles accompanying this technological integration, showcasing case studies illustrating its ability to revolutionize customer engagement across various sectors. The survey highlights the need for organizations to harness the power of AI enabled AR/VR solutions to boost engagement, offering immersive environments to inspire and invest in customers and clients, leading to business success in the digital age.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: MD Fazlay Rabby
creator: Nisher Ahmed
creator: Abir Chowdhury
creator: Md Emran Hossain
creator: Md Mostafizur Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 133
ending page: 153
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i2.104

AI-Driven Content Systems: Innovation and Early Adoption
type: item
description: These systems stand at the forefront of technological innovation, reshaping the digital media landscape by radically altering the processes of content creation, personalization, and dissemination. They employ cutting-edge machine learning algorithms, natural language processing (NLP), and generative abilities to produce personalized, highly contextualized, and user-adapted content. Early applications of these technologies across various sectors, from marketing and entertainment to education and journalism, have shown enormous potential for improving efficiency, creativity and user engagement. This article will discuss AI-driven technological advancements, AI adoption trends in multiple industries, and the inertia to integrate AI technologies due to ethical concerns, quality, and data dependency. The findings reflect the continuing evolution and expansion of AI power content systems and their unrelenting emergence into the future of digital content creation and distribution.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AI-driven content systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Generative models
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural language processing (NLP)
  topic: keywords
subject: Content personalization
  topic: keywords
creator: Ankur Tiwari
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 61
ending page: 79
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v2i1.103

AI Powered Digital Transformation in Healthcare: Revolutionizing Patient Care through Intelligent and Adaptive Information Systems
type: item
description: AI is leading a digital revolution of care, implementing cognizant and agile information systems while transforming interaction between patient and practice. Technologies like precision medicine, predictive analytics, and personalized healthcare solutions powered by AI streamline clinical workflows and enhance patient outcomes. Utilizing machine learning, natural language processing, and real time data analytics, healthcare systems can automate various administrative tasks, improve diagnostic precision and refine treatment protocols. Results from the analysis might provide insight into the impact of AI in healthcare delivery, particularly in areas of AI assisted imaging, virtual health assistants or predictive patient monitoring systems. AI holds enormous potential for tackling challenges, including resource limitations and increasing healthcare costs, but also presents ethical questions over data privacy, algorithm transparency and egalitarian access. The research underpins important developments, successful initiatives, early signs of adoption, and evolving trends, termed, and analyzed how AI enabled information systems are contributing to a new paradigm shift towards an efficient, integrated, patient focused healthcare ecosystem across the globe.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Shuchona Malek Orthi
creator: Nisher Ahmed
creator: Md Emran Hossain
creator: Abir Chowdhury
creator: Md Fazlay Rabby
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-30
publication date: 2022-12-30
starting page: 329
ending page: 352
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v2i2.102

Harnessing AI Driven Predictive Maintenance: Transforming Manufacturing Efficiency and Reducing Downtime through Advanced Data Analytics
type: item
description: With AI powered predictive maintenance, manufacturing management becomes more efficient and proactive. They are implemented via traditional maintenance methods like reactive and scheduled maintenance, which can be expensive and result in unpredicted equipment failures. Using data driven analysis, machine learning algorithms, and real time monitoring, AI powered predictive maintenance aims to detect equipment failures before they happen. Thus, the art of Predictive Maintenance reduces the maintenance time, maximizes down time strategies and decreases operational cost. and hence through Predictive Maintenance, efficiency of overall production system is established. AI systems can process massive amounts of data, generated from IoT sensors and machine logs, and use the information to identify any abnormalities, discover complex patterns, to deliver valuable insights for decision making. In this paper, we will discuss the transformative effects of AI powered predictive maintenance on manufacturing processes and share relevant case studies and best practices. It also explains challenges including data integration, infrastructure needed, and workforce training, stressing the importance of strategic implementation. This means AI driven predictive maintenance not only improves operational resilience but also leads to more sustainable and economic manufacturing practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AI Driven Predictive Maintenance
  topic: keywords
subject: Advanced Data Analytics
  topic: keywords
creator: Niropam Das
creator: Md Emran Hossain
creator: Nisher Ahmed
creator: S M Tamim Hossain Rimon
creator: Md Fahim Shahriar Hasib
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-12-30
publication date: 2022-12-30
starting page: 299
ending page: 328
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v2i2.101

Role of Curriculum and Training in Reducing Operational Skill Gap in Logistics Industry of Pakistan
type: item
description: Pakistan's logistics sector is an essential component of the country's economic growth, enabling effective local and international trading and connection. The industry suffers from an ongoing operational talent shortage that reduces its efficacy and competitiveness despite its strategic importance. This study investigates how curriculum design and educational initiatives might help close this gap in Pakistan's logistics sector. The study assesses the effects of professional development, bridge techniques, academic-industry collaboration, educational curriculum, practical training, and policy initiatives using a quantitative methodology using PLS-SEM. The outcomes emphasize the value of experiential learning and curriculum modernization by showing that the operational skill gap is considerably reduced by hands-on training and well-designed courses. On the other hand, inefficiencies in present bridging techniques, governmental interventions, and academia-industry partnership highlight the need for better implementation. The report focuses on resolving these shortcomings through focused educational reforms, industry collaborations, and legislative frameworks, offering stakeholders practical suggestions to improve worker preparedness and support Pakistan's logistics industry.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: logistics industry
  topic: keywords
subject: operational skill gap
  topic: keywords
subject: educational curricula
  topic: keywords
subject: practical training
  topic: keywords
subject: industry collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: policy interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: PLS-SEM
  topic: keywords
creator: Shazada Khurum Khan Alwi
creator: Danish Ahmed Siddiqui
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 462
ending page: 483
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.100

Bridging Traditional and Digital: Evolving Architectural Pedagogy in the Modern Era
type: item
description: This research aims to explore the comprehensive considerations necessary for the effective integration of digital technology into architectural cognition, with the goal of developing a robust framework for digital pedagogy. The study meticulously examines existing methodologies and techniques utilized in Digital Design Studios worldwide, comparing them with current practices in Pakistan. By analyzing design methodologies and tool integration in studios from three different countries, this research seeks to highlight both differences and similarities, thereby contributing to a thorough understanding of the prevailing educational frameworks. The examination of case studies from diverse geographical contexts serves as a catalyst for questioning and potentially refining existing pedagogical practices. In Pakistan, the reliance on pedagogical methods from several decades ago underscores a pressing need to modernize architectural education and align it with contemporary digital media advancements. Consequently, this investigation represents a critical step toward understanding an innovative architectural pedagogy intertwined with technological progress.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transgender Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Vocational Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Inclusion,
  topic: keywords
subject: Transgender Rights
  topic: keywords
creator: Hafsa Jamal Siddique
creator: Dr. Rakhshinda Khurram
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-15
publication date: 2024-07-15
starting page: 30
ending page: 50

Inclusive Education: Examining the Role of Vocational Institutions in Supporting Trans and Gender-Diverse Communities in Pakistan
type: item
description: This paper investigates the potential role of vocational institutions specifically designed for trans and gender-diverse individuals in making education more accessible to them, given that these individuals are often socially excluded in Pakistan. The study is based on interviews with alumni from Pakistan's pioneering transgender school, referred to here as the "School of Hope for the Marginalized." Through these interviews, the research aims to understand how vocational education can support the vocational wellbeing of its students. This paper's core objective is to evaluate this school's impact on its students by examining the lived experiences of trans and gender-diverse students who attended the institution in Pakistan. By focusing on these personal accounts, the study seeks to uncover the ways in which the school has influenced their lives, both positively and negatively. This includes assessing changes in their vocational skills, self-esteem, social integration, and overall quality of life. The findings are intended to provide insights into the effectiveness of vocational education in improving the socio-economic status and personal development of trans and gender-diverse individuals, who are often marginalized in society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transgender Education
  topic: subjects
subject: Vocational Training
  topic: subjects
subject: Gender Diversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Social Inclusion
  topic: subjects
subject: Transgender Rights
  topic: subjects
creator: Dr. Shazia Nasir
creator: Romana Bano
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-15
publication date: 2024-07-15
starting page: 18
ending page: 29

Cross-Cultural Insights into Mindfulness, Empathy, and Academic Burnout
type: item
description: Mindfulness-based interventions have demonstrated significant therapeutic benefits across various stages of life, from childhood to old age (De la Fuente Anuncibay et al., 2019). These interventions facilitate the development of empathy and self-forgiveness, as well as forgiveness towards others (Neff & Dahm, 2015). This study takes a novel approach by comparing the levels of mindfulness, academic burnout, and empathy between Pakistani and Yemeni student groups. Additionally, it examines the mediating role of empathy in the relationship between mindfulness and academic burnout. An online survey was conducted among 910 undergraduate and postgraduate students from Pakistan and Yemen, with the majority of participants aged between 18-25 years and 64% of them being male. The results indicated that Pakistani participants had higher scores in mindfulness (MAAS score: 54.65 ± 0.61) and empathy (IRI score: 68.45 ± 0.58). Empathy was found to mediate the relationship between mindfulness and academic burnout, showing a negative correlation with academic burnout and a positive correlation with mindfulness. Recent research supports these findings, highlighting the crucial role of empathy in enhancing mindfulness and reducing academic burnout (Keng et al., 2020; Shapiro et al., 2021).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mindfulness
  topic: subjects
subject: Empathy
  topic: subjects
subject: Academic burnout
  topic: subjects
subject: Cross-cultural comparison
  topic: subjects
subject: Mediating role
  topic: subjects
creator: Muhammad Ibrahim
creator: Prof. Dr. Sajida Parveen
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-15
publication date: 2024-07-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 17

Assessing the Relationship Between Employees’ Personal Qualities and Organizational Disputes
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of employee-specific factors on professional workplace disputes, with a focus on the Pakistani banking sector. The research explores how individual differences—such as gender, age, designation, and management level—contribute to workplace conflicts. Data was collected through a structured online questionnaire, yielding responses from 247 participants. The study adopted a quantitative approach and tested six hypotheses aligned with the research objectives. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), employing descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages. The research design was causal (explanatory), aiming to identify cause-and-effect relationships between personal attributes (independent variables) and professional disputes (dependent variable), and was cross-sectional in nature, collecting data at a single point in time without intervention. The findings reveal a significant association between personal qualities and the occurrence of professional disputes. Based on the results, the study recommends that organizations implement employee training programs focused on dispute awareness and resolution strategies to mitigate the influence of unconscious behaviors that may lead to conflict. The insights from this research offer valuable implications for banks, HR practitioners, organizational leaders, and scholars seeking to better understand and manage workplace disputes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Personality Characteristics,
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Proficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Interpersonal Skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: .Ozair M. Shaiq,,,,,
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 102
ending page: 132

Unveiling the Dynamics of Remote Learning Addressing Effectiveness, Challenges, and Value
type: item
description: The research that is conducted on the challenges associated with remote learning and education due to the prevalence of Covid-19 has analyzed their impacts on remote Education and learning. The research has discussed the various information and also highlighted the major issues that have been faced by individuals in the pandemic. Moreover, the study that is conducted on this research has elaborated on the importance and also the disadvantages of remote learning and Education. However, the research has been conducted on the primary research design and has also chosen the qualitative in inductive research approach. The research also evaluated the sampling methods and the research approaches that have led the research to its target.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Remote Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Covid 19 Pandemic
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Syed Waqar ul Hasan
creator: Maroof Bin Rauf
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 86
ending page: 101

Examining Parental Involvement in Elementary Education: Disparities, Dynamics, and Implications
type: item
description: Parental involvement in a child's education constitutes a multifaceted phenomenon encompassing diverse practices and attitudes toward their children's educational journey. This quantitative research, utilizing a descriptive survey design, aims to investigate the impact of parental involvement on elementary students' academic performance. Employing Joyce Epstein's revised (2010) Framework of Six Types of Parental Involvement, this study seeks to gauge the extent of parental engagement in their children's educational activities, particularly in the context of developing countries. Four schools, including two public and two private institutions, were chosen from Karachi district East. A total of 250 students, evenly distributed between genders, were selected as respondents. Each participant completed a research questionnaire to examine the correlation between parental involvement, categorized into six types following Epstein's framework, and student achievement. Findings revealed a positive association between parental involvement and student academic success. However, the applicability of Epstein's (2010) Framework in studying parental involvement in developing nations like Pakistan was found to be limited.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parental involvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Elementary education
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic achievement
  topic: keywords
subject: Joyce Epstein framework
  topic: keywords
subject: Developing countries
  topic: keywords
creator: Maha Asif Rizwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 44
ending page: 85

Exploring The Facets of Conflicts in Organizations: A Qualitative Case Study on Educational Institution
type: item
description: This research explores how commonplace disagreements are in workplaces, recognizing that individuals' varied backgrounds and aspirations make conflicts inevitable. From little disagreements to large disputes, conflicts have two distinct effects: they can either create an environment that is toxic and inhibits growth or promote creativity and productivity. Understanding conflict dynamics, underlying causes, and effects is the goal of this research, which also looks at effective conflict management and resolution techniques. The main topics of the study questions are the disputes that arise between people and teams and how those conflicts affect team dynamics and overall productivity. Ultimately, the research findings are intended to offer guidance for amicable dispute resolution, encouraging a constructive and forward-thinking workplace culture. These are found by conducting qualitative research using interview protocol as the research instrument Keywords: , T
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interpersonal conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: Team dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: Conflict resolution
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Resolution techniques
  topic: keywords
creator: Farriha Tabasam* ,Khizra Inam* ,Dania Khan* ,Vanessa Ilyas Abbas*
creator: Mehreen Mansoor
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 29
ending page: 43

Exploring the Impact of Leader's Motivating Language on Job Outcomes: A Case Study of a Private School in the Southern Region of Pakistan
type: item
description: Communication plays a pivotal role in efficient and successful leadership. Organizations these days are more concerned about every aspect of leadership as it has a major impact on shaping employees’ attitudes and behaviours while helping organizations to gain desired organizational outcomes. This research design attempts and endeavors to examine and investigate the Leaders’ Motivating Language Theory proposed by Dr. Sullivan in 1988. The Leaders’ Motivating Language Scale developed by Mayfield & Mayfield (1995,2015) has been used to examine the impact of the aforementioned dimensions and job outcomes. This is a case study where the research has targeted a private school in the Southern Region of Karachi. The school has 50 teachers working in the primary and secondary levels, and since the population is small, therefore, every member of the population was part of the sample. An online survey questionnaire based on the scale developed by Mayfield & Mayfield (1995,2015) was used to examine the three dimensions of Leader Motivating Language while job performance and job satisfaction were self-evaluated by the teachers. All the components of the survey were explained to the participants, and they were given ample time to turn in their responses. The responses were analyzed through SPSS software, and descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Paired sample T-test, independent sample T-test, Linear Regressions, and Correlation Coefficients were calculated. The results indicated that the three dimensions of Leader Motivating Language have a positive impact on job performance and job satisfaction. This shall help institutions to focus on training the Principals/Coordinators to be effective leaders and use verbal communication as a strategic tool, allowing teachers to be more responsible, confident and accountable for their tasks. This will create a positive environment for the teachers where they can be more aware of their job performance and job satisfaction. ,
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Motivating Language Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Job performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Job satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Verbal communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Communication
  topic: subjects
subject: Leadership
  topic: subjects
subject: Motivating Language Theory
  topic: subjects
subject: Job performance
  topic: subjects
subject: Job satisfaction
  topic: subjects
creator: Rakhshinda Ahmed
creator: Zobia Zaman
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 28
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i2.90

Significance of Statement of Accused in Criminal Trials
type: item
description: This manuscript unveil the significance of statement of accused in trials especially in criminal trials, law has recognized the rights of accused in criminal trial and those rights of accused have been documented and accepted by all the legal systems prevailing in the world .The purpose of this study is to divulge those rights and to verbalize its importance in public one of the right of accused is he/she be represented through his/her council and the council being expert in his field tries his level best to defend the accused nonetheless the lawmaker has rendered rights to accused to converse with the court directly generally due to fear and esteem of the court usually accused persons do not address the court directly and due to nonuse of that right at that stage of the case accused persons face distress repercussions since the accused has been liberated by the law to present his her best defence if he/she owns through verbal representation are by production of any testaments or physical evidence. Basically through this article the right of the accused is being emphasize because mostly due to unfamiliarity of this right or due to hesitation or maintaining the decorum of the court accused persons do not discourse their adjuration directly to the court so through this article everyone is being abreast that any aggrieved person present in the court has a right to converse with the judge by observing decorum of the court.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rights
  topic: subjects
subject: verbalize
  topic: subjects
subject: constitution
  topic: subjects
subject: lawmaker
  topic: subjects
subject: decorum
  topic: subjects
subject: adjuration
  topic: subjects
subject: defence plea
  topic: subjects
creator: Ambreen Aslam
creator: Muhammad Tahir
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 452
ending page: 461
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.87

The impact of Sales Tax on the National Economy of Pakistan
type: item
description: This study investigates how Pakistan's national economy is affected by sales taxes. The Value Added Tax (VAT) system and the nation's adoption of it are the main topics. The study focuses on the roles played by the federal government and provincial authorities as it examines the constitutional foundation and legal developments that have defined the sales tax system. The consequences of sales tax on various societal groups, including the wealthy and the poorer classes, are also covered. The effects of a sales tax, especially one enacted via a Value Added Tax (VAT) system, go beyond just raising money; they also affect economic development, equality, compliance, and the creation of public policy. For policymakers to make educated choices that maximize revenue collection, foster sustainable economic development, uphold social equality, improve tax compliance, and sculpt efficient tax policies, they must have a thorough understanding of the various implications of sales taxes. Analysis is also done on the VAT's regressive characteristics and how they affect both vertical and horizontal equity. The investigation of the difficulties and complexities of tax compliance, documentation, and refund procedures continues. In order to improve the efficiency of the VAT system and foster economic growth, the essay continues by outlining the necessity of rationalizing sales tax rates, establishing appropriate thresholds, enhancing audit systems, and streamlining the tax legislation
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Naveed ul Haq
creator: Jawed Aziz Masudi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 442
ending page: 451
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.81

Unveiling the Deficiencies of Pakistan's Criminal Justice System and Their Far-Reaching Impact on Society
type: item
description: The issues plaguing Pakistan's criminal justice system have detrimental effects on society. This research paper seeks to investigate the causes of criminal justice system flaws, their effects on society, and potential solutions to these issues. Among these problems are institutional malfeasance, a lack of funding, ineffective investigative techniques, and inadequate law enforcement training. A high rate of wrongful convictions, which can result in the imprisonment of innocent individuals for crimes they did not commit, is one of the most devastating consequences of these flaws. These deficiencies frequently result in case processing delays, which can prolong the detention of alleged criminals and leave victims without closure. Transparency can be increased in the criminal justice system, and adjustments can be made to eliminate corruption and inefficiency. These are only a few of the solutions that can be implemented to address these issues. In addition, efforts can be made to improve the quality of defense counsel provided to criminal defendants and to provide crime victims with more assistance. An enhanced criminal justice system can also contribute to a safer and more stable society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Criminal justice system
  topic: keywords
subject: Deficiencies
  topic: keywords
subject: Impact
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Society
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Afzal
creator: Muhammad Sher Zaman
creator: Usman Asghar
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 424
ending page: 441
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.80

The Role of Higher Education Faculty in Cultivating Entrepreneurial Intention among Female Sudents
type: item
description: This research explores the role of HEIs faculty in motivating female students to participate in entrepreneurial activities in order to develop an entrepreneurial intention. The researchers used explanatory sequential mixed methods design and multi-phase sampling plan was used. The sample was selected from HEC recognized Universities of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. Total 173 female students studying in social sciences disciplines in the final semester of graduate programs participated in Phase-I (quantitative) and the data was collected using survey questionnaire. For qualitative data collection, eight female students were selected using purposive sampling technique conducting a face-to-face individualized interview. Descriptive statistical analysis and thematic analysis was used to draw results from both quantitative and qualitative data evidences. The findings indicate that HEIs arranged different seminars/workshops/entrepreneurial fairs/job fairs to promote entrepreneurial activities for students. However, faculty in HEIs considered such activities irrelevant unless to their respective discipline or program and usually forbid their students to attend such entrepreneurial activities. Faculty of HEIs lack an experience and exposure to guide and motivate their students for entrepreneurship as their prime concern is teaching their courses, hence their role may not be considered influential in motivating and developing entrepreneurial intention among female students. The results of this study may further add to the existing literature about antecedent of entrepreneurial intention in the context of Pakistan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurial Activities
  topic: keywords
subject: HEIs Faculty
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurial Intention
  topic: keywords
creator: Hina Gul
creator: Salma Nazar Khan
creator: Malik Ghulam Behlol
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 403
ending page: 423
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.79

The Effects of Online Pharmacy on Consumer Behaviour
type: item
description: Online Pharmacies are set to revolutionise and disrupt how medicines and healthcare services are distributed to end-users and consumers in the contemporary era. As the modern world advances towards increasing digitization, the mortar-and-brick retail pharmacy is set to become obsolete. However, this trend needs to be reassessed in light of the socioeconomic situation of developing countries like Pakistan. The factors that drive an online pharmacy’s acceptance and usage need to be identified and realized for the average Pakistani consumer in the current context. In this regard, the following study outlines a primarily quantitative approach based on the surveying strategy. A total of 100 participants were surveyed using a randomised sampling method, and the data collected pertained to the responses against the Likert scale. The quantitative analyses performed involved univariate linear regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) estimations. Results indicate that pricing, privacy and doorstep delivery have a significant and positive association with online pharmacy usage in the participants (p = 0.000; 95%).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Online Buying
  topic: keywords
subject: Pricing Strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: E-Pharmacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Privacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Doorstep Delivery
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahad Javed
creator: Mohammad Shaiq
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 384
ending page: 402
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.78

Appearance Anxiety, Health-Related Quality of Life and Coping Strategies among Burn Patients in Pakistan
type: item
description: Burn injuries have a significant impact on patients, their families, and society as a whole, affecting them physically, psychologically, and financially. The majority of burn injuries occur in low- and middle-income countries, where the burden is especially high. Living with burn scars in a society that emphasizes beauty can be challenging for individuals affected by these injuries. Burn scars often lead to functional impairment and disfigurement, significantly impacting daily activities and social interactions. To cope with the distressing situation, individuals employ various coping mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the coping styles utilized by burn patients to manage appearance anxiety and identify potential targets for psychological interventions that can enhance their quality of life. The study included 92 patients who had been discharged from the Burn Care Centre (PIMS) in Islamabad and were followed up. These patients had visible scars resulting from burn injuries. Data collection involved the use of the Brief COPE Questionnaire (BCOPE), Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (HR-QOL), and Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS). Data were evaluated using percentage and regression analyses. The average age range of the participants was 27.5+32.5. Mediation analysis found that social appearance anxiety had a non-significant direct impact on health-related quality of life. These findings highlight the importance of emotion-focused coping strategies in mitigating the impact of social appearance anxiety on the quality of life of burn patients. They also provide valuable insights for the development of psychological interventions aimed at improving the well-being of individuals living with visible differences resulting from burn injuries.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Burns
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Appearance Anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: Scars
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality of life
  topic: keywords
subject: Coping Styles
  topic: keywords
creator: Jaweria Aftab
creator: Ansa Qurat-ul-ain
creator: Muhammad Rehan
creator: Fahama Qamar
creator: Tariq Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 364
ending page: 383
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.77

Interrogating Hegemonic Masculinity: Analyzing Dadu's Role as a Victim in Tariq Rahman's Moustache
type: item
description: The male facial adornment of a moustache has always been a symbol of flamboyant masculinity in many different cultures. This study aims to examine how such a seemingly innocuous item of male personal grooming can become an expression of Hegemonic Masculinity working to the detriment of not only men themselves but to society and humanity at large. Dadu is such a male character in a short story called Moustache by Tariq Rahman. This character is driven by his patriarchal setup to simulate masculinity by growing a bushy upturned moustache. To his sorrow, he learns that real power lies not in a moustache but in the supremacy of the patriarchal system which reinforces traditional gender roles stating that men should be strong and aggressive. This study brings this phenomenon under the lens of the theory of the archetypes of the mature masculine as postulated by Robert Moore and Douglas Gillette in King, Warrior, Magician, Lover: Rediscovering the Archetypes of the Mature Masculine (1991). The objective is to recognize the role of patriarchal systems in the formation of hegemonic masculinity and to work toward dismantling these systems in order to create a more inclusive and equitable society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Masculinity
  topic: keywords
subject: honour
  topic: keywords
subject: power
  topic: keywords
subject: patriarchy
  topic: keywords
subject: feudalism
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Ali Khan Clement John
creator: Tanveer Ahmed
creator: Kamran Malik
creator: Omera Saeed
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 344
ending page: 363
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.76

How Online Food Delivery Influences Human Behaviour? – A Phenomenological Account of Urban Consumers
type: item
description: Food delivery services have become a growing system in Pakistan, enabling consumers to order food from their favorite restaurants and have it delivered directly to their doorstep. The present study, incorporating a phenomenological approach, aims to explore how food delivery services can impact human behavior of urban consumers in Pakistan. The study examines six key factors - behavioral intention, perceived ease of use, convenience motivation, loyalty, privacy & security and hedonic motivation - and how they influence human behavior when using food delivery services. Through snowball sampling, 12 respondents were interviewed to gain insight into their lived experiences related to food delivery services. Thematic analysis revealed that food delivery services have a significant impact on human behavior, particularly in terms of increasing mental attitudes and moral underpinnings. The findings attempted to provide a first-hand perspective towards understanding behaviour modification in relation to online food delivery, experiencing the changing way urbanized citizens in Pakistan think about and interact with food, and how they possess the potential to influence consumers' overall experience.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Online Food Delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Hedonism
  topic: keywords
subject: Moral Psychology
  topic: keywords
subject: Motivation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ibrahim Noorani
creator: Nazia Abdul Rehman
creator: Khurram Shakir
creator: Hassaan Ahmed
creator: Zubair Ahmed Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 326
ending page: 343
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.74

A Comparative Study of Hedges Used by Male and Female Native English Writers: A Corpus-based Analysis
type: item
description: This research paper presents a comparative study that examines the usage of hedges by male and female native English writers. Hedges, linguistic devices employed to indicate uncertainty or mitigate the force of statements, play a crucial role in shaping the tone and persuasive power of written communication. However, limited research has been conducted on potential gender differences in the use of hedges among native English writers. Therefore, this study aims to fill this research gap by conducting a corpus-based analysis. The study utilizes a large corpus of written texts by native English writers from various genres, such as academic papers, newspaper articles, and fictional works. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses, the frequency and patterns of hedge usage by male and female writers are examined, allowing for a comprehensive comparison of their respective linguistic strategies. The findings reveal intriguing insights into the gendered nature of hedge usage. While both male and female writers employ hedges, notable variations emerge in their frequency and types of hedges used. Furthermore, contextual factors, such as genre and audience, appear to influence the deployment of hedges differently between genders. The research also explores possible sociolinguistic implications of these gender differences and discusses the potential impact on readers' perceptions and interpretations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AntConc
  topic: keywords
subject: COCA
  topic: keywords
subject: Corpus
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Hedges
  topic: keywords
subject: Native
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Ajmal
creator: Saba Sadia
creator: Uzma Sadiq
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 305
ending page: 325
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.73

Impact of Reward System on Students’ Motivation and Academic Performance: A Study of Secondary Schools
type: item
description: This study is concerned with the impacts of the reward system on students’ motivation and academic performance at secondary schools. It will help in the development of educational goals and in the teaching-learning process. Learning and academic performance enhance people’s acquisition of academic knowledge, abilities, skills, and competency. The research uses a descriptive correlational technique and is quantitative in nature. The population of the study is 10th-class students from the Govt. Secondary schools (Tehsils i.e., RahimYar Khan, Liaquat Pur, Sadiqabad & Khan Pur) of District Rahim Yar Khan. In order to obtain qualitative data from students and their opinions about the impact of the school’s reward system on student motivation and academic performance, a survey research strategy was chosen for the study. Data were segregated by SPSS. Frequencies, independent sample t-tests, correlation, and Pearson were applied to get desired results. The findings of the study display that the academic performance of secondary school students is improved by a variety of factors. One of the most important factors that not only help people acquire the information, skills, and talents they need, but also promotes the entire development of the person, the community, and the country is education. A person with a good education is not only capable of achieving his or her personal objectives and ambitions but is also able to significantly improve his/her motivation
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Muhammad Athar Hussain
creator: Anam Rafaqat
creator: Sehrish Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 252
ending page: 279
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.44

Analysis of Imran Khan’s Tweets About Palestine and Kashmir Issues Through Natural Language Processing Technique
type: item
description: In this paper, the purpose is to carry out the sentiment analysis of Imran Khan’s tweets about Palestine and Kashmir Issues, in order to check the negative or positive polarity in his tweets as the Prime Minister of Pakistan. The data consists of all his tweets about Palestine and Kashmir Issues. The number of tweets about Palestine and Kashmir Issues is 139. The data was collected from the official Twitter account of Imran Khan dated from 20th August 2018 to 10th April 2022. The data was collected manually and analyzed quantitatively using software RStudio and then manually analyzed using face theory to reveal the negative or positive face of Imran Khan and subsequently, the findings revealed that all of these tweets contain the more positive sentiments and less negative sentiments and revealed a positive face of Imran Khan as the Prime Minister of Pakistan. The study is useful for the general public by using any platform of social media to extract polarity and identify the positive or negative face from different social media posts of different political or non-political figures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sentiment Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: , Tweets
  topic: keywords
subject: polarity
  topic: keywords
subject: positive face & negative face
  topic: keywords
creator: Shumaila Asghar
creator: Iram Rubab
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 236
ending page: 251
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.12

Assessing the Impact of Workplace Incivility on Occupational Health of Nurses. A Demographic Analysis of Nurses of Punjab Based Hospital
type: item
description: The core objective of the current study was to assess the impact of workplace incivility on occupational health of nurse. For this study data is collected from 200 nurses who are working all over the Punjab. Data was collected with the help of questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS- 25. The major finding of the study revealed that workplace incivility has more positive and significant effect in occupational health of age group of 20-30 as compared to 31-40 and it also proved that workplace incivility has more positive and significant effect on occupational health of Master of science c group as compared to Bachler of science group. Moreover, the major outcome also shows that workplace incivility has more positive and significant effect on occupational health of Muslim Nurses as compared to Christen Nurses and it is also found that workplace incivility has more positive and significant effect on occupational health of Rural Nurses as compared to Urban Nurses. Lastly, it is find that workplace incivility has more positive and significant effect on occupational health of Govt hospital Nurses as compared to Private Hospital Nurses. It is also concluded that in future large scale studies should be conducted with new methods and designs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Workplace Incivility
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Nurses
  topic: keywords
subject: Punjab
  topic: keywords
creator: fozia yaqub
creator: Nadia Shafique
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 101
ending page: 118
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.72

Futuristic Agenda towards Leadership and Expatriation Research: A Systematic Literature Review
type: item
description: In the interdependent, globalized world, effective leadership tends to navigate many cross-cultural challenges, paving the way for successful completion of international assignments. To add, the pivotal role of leadership in influencing expatriate adjustment and performance serves as the other side of a coin. Considering the leadership and expatriation paradigm, this paper aimed at an insightful exploration of the extant body of knowledge encompassing the leadership and expatriation dyad, tracing the development of literature in the last decade. In the said endeavor, relevant literature has been reviewed through a mixed approach of chronological and topical reviews. Review highlighted four connecting threads related to the said paradigm: first, transformational leadership styles impacting expatriate performance. Next, literature related to transformational leadership styles of expatriate leaders. Third, diverse leadership styles and expatriation and finally, the last thread encompassed a scholarly contribution related to different trends linking leadership and expatriation. Further, the current review proposes a futuristic conceptual framework embodying novel prospects and areas for future studies by extracting recommended themes from literature. Hence, the current work significantly contributes to the landscape of leadership and expatriation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Expatriation
  topic: keywords
subject: (MNC`s) Multi-National Organizations
  topic: keywords
subject: Global leaders
  topic: keywords
subject: Expatriate performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Cross-Cultural adjustment
  topic: keywords
creator: samreen fazal
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 191
ending page: 221
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.71

Assessment of Institutional Constraints on Parliamentary Sovereignty in Pakistan
type: item
description: In this research paper detailed analysis of various factors that impose limitations on parliamentary sovereignty in Pakistan, with a particular emphasis on institutional constraints is presented. The present study presents a qualitative research approach, consisted of historical background, deep study of literature review within the legal framework and leading case laws of apex courts. By this approach the research aims to highlight the fundamental factors that cause hindrances in guaranteeing the supremacy of parliamentary sovereignty in Pakistan. This paper aims at pointing out the reasons which have restricted the autonomy of the Pakistani parliament. Firstly, the dominance of the executive on the legislative branch of the state is considered as the prominent factor limiting the Parliamentary Sovereignty. Secondly, judicial overreach in the name of judicial review is another contributing factor affecting the significance of the Parliamentary Sovereignty in the country. Lastly, the pattern of political parties within the country is based upon ancient age dynastic rules which cause more harm than good under the prevailing circumstances. In the wake of research findings the article comes up with suggestions and recommendations that can strengthen the Parliamentary Sovereignty which will ultimately result into the strong democratic government in Pakistan. The proposed suggestions are consisted of different measures such as actualization of separation of powers, practicing judicial restraints, infusing and sensitizing the real spirit of democracy within political parties and strong accountability amongst all the organs of the State.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parliamentary sovereignty
  topic: keywords
subject: Institutional constraints
  topic: keywords
subject: Executive dominance
  topic: keywords
subject: Judicial activism
  topic: keywords
subject: Undemocratic trends
  topic: keywords
subject: Political parties
  topic: keywords
creator: Jaleel Ahmed Memon
creator: Jawed Aziz Masudi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Propel Journal of Academic Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 222
ending page: 235
doi: 10.55464/pjar.v3i1.69